Until the 16th century, religious women in the monastic order, like nuns, were required to wear a particular habit. Very few women owned more than a few items of clothing. The importation of luxurious fabrics increased over the period, and their use widened somewhat, but clothing remained very expensive. The skirt was developed during this period, and quickly eclipsed the petticoat in both popularity and use use of a headdress, in various forms, (culminating in the hennin) was now an important element too. Wealthier women would use fabrics and materials such as silk and fine linen the lower classes would use wool and coarser linen. By the end of the 14th century, the gown had replaced all garment items aside from the surcoat.īasic garments now consisted of the smock, hose, kirtle, gown, belt, surcoat, girdle, cape, hood, and bonnet. Around this time, the surcoat came into use. Clothing was layered and these layers were tightly bound to the body. Twelfth to fourteenth centuries Īround the year 1300, well-off women's gowns began fitting more tightly and had lower necklines. Archaeological evidence suggests that a variety of shoe styles were available. Women wore simple ankle shoes and slippers. The girdles and buckled belts that were popular in the fifth and sixth century, with tools and personal items suspended from the belt, had gone out of fashion. By the eleventh century, multiple sleeve styles had come into fashion. Braided or embroidered borders often decorated sleeves. Arms were usually covered sleeves were often straight with a slight flare at the end. Gowns are often shown with a distinct border, sometimes in a contrasting color. In contemporary art of this period, women are shown wearing ankle-length, tailored gowns. It was assumed that the hooded style was influenced by Near Eastern art. If a hood was worn, it was either a scarf wrapped around the head and neck or an unconnected head covering with an opening for the face. Women typically wore a sleeveless overgarment, with or without a hood. The Virgin Mary in Anglo-Saxon dress, New Minster Charter, 966 Tenth and eleventh centuries Although there is little evidence to show whether women wore leggings or stockings under their gowns, it is more than likely that leg-coverings were worn by women during this period. Linen is used more widely for garments and under-garments. These fashion changes show the decreasing influence of Northern Europe and the increasing influence of the Frankish Kingdom and the Byzantine Empire and a revival of Roman culture. Seventh to ninth centuries Ĭhanges in Anglo-Saxon women's dress began in the latter half of the sixth century in Kent and spread to other regions at the beginning of the seventh century. Agricultural laborers shown plowing and sowing in Anglo-Saxon illustrated manuscripts work barefoot, which may indicate that footwear was not the norm until the middle Anglo-Saxon era. There is little evidence of footwear until the late sixth and seventh centuries. A simple poncho made with a neck-opening for the head could have been made from skins of domesticated sheep or cattle. įleeces and furs were probably used as garment lining or as warm outer garments. Women in this period may or may not have worn a head covering. The dress could be belted or girdled, with tools and personal items suspended from the belt. The garment was clasped front to back by fastening brooches at the shoulders. The normal women's costume of this era was a long peplos-like garment, pulled up to the armpit and worn over a sleeved undergarment (usually another dress). As time went on the advent of more advanced textile techniques and increased international relations, clothing gradually got more and more intricate and elegant, even with those under the wealthy classes, up into the renaissance.įemale dress Fifth and sixth centuries In the early Middle Ages, clothing was typically simple and, particularly in the case of lower-class peoples, served only basic utilitarian functions such as modesty and protection from the elements. Clothes were very expensive and both the men and women of lower social classes continued also divided social classes by regulating the colors and styles these various ranks were permitted to wear. In the later part of the period, men's clothing changed much more rapidly than women's styles. The general styles of Early medieval European dress were shared in England. For various peoples living in England, the Anglo-Saxons, Anglo-Danes, Normans and Britons, clothing in the medieval era differed widely for men and women as well as for different classes in the social hierarchy. The Medieval period in England is usually classified as the time between the fall of the Roman Empire to the beginning of the Renaissance, roughly the years AD 410–1485. Costume of the period 500–1500 in England
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